Zero divisors and units with small supports in group algebras of torsion-free groups

We associate a graph to a possible non-zero zero-divisor in the group algebra of a torsion-free group.Comment: to appear in Communications in Algebra. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1612.0093

Zero divisors of support size 33 in group algebras and trinomials divided by irreducible polynomials over GF(2)GF(2)

A famous conjecture about group algebras of torsion-free groups states that there is no zero divisor in such group algebras. A recent approach to settle the conjecture is to show the non-existence of zero divisors with respect to the length of possible ones, where by the length we mean the size of the support of an element of the group algebra. The case length $2$ cannot be happen. The first unsettled case is the existence of zero divisors of length $3$. Here we study possible length $3$ zero divisors in rational group algebras and in the group algebras over the field with $p$ elements for some prime $p$

Comparing the use of Memantine with Dextromethorphan and Placebo to Reduce Pain before Orthopedic Surgery

Introduction: To compare the use of Memantine with Dextromethorphan and placebo to reduce pain after orthopedic surgery.Materials and Methods: The present study was a double-blind clinical trial including180 patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs. Patients were divided randomly into three groups of 60 patients each. The first group (Group M) received 30 mg Memantine orally, the second group (Group D) received 45 mg of Dextromethorphan and the third group (Group P) received only placebo, two and a half hours before the operation. The intensity of pain (VAS score), sedation score, and nausea and vomiting were recorded postoperatively.Results: In this study, 60 patients were enrolled in each group. The total VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) score was significantly lower among patients receiving Memantine and the satisfaction was significantly higher compared to the Dextromethorphan and placebo groups (P-value <0.001).Conclusion: The present study results indicate that Memantine has a relatively better outcome compared to Dextromethorphan or placebo in reducing the post surgical pain among patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries. It also reduced the need for post surgical opioid use and improved the patients’ satisfaction. 

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of meloxicam orally fast disintegration tablet using its solid dispersion

Meloxicam (MLX) is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug that is prescribed in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. MLX is practically insoluble in water and exhibits a slow onset of action. In this study, MLX solid dispersions (MLX SDs) were prepared to improve the water solubility of this poorly water-soluble drug. Then orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) of MLX were developed using MLX SD to decrease the onset of action of this drug. MLX, poloxamer 188, and crospovidone of different ratios were melted in molten poloxamer 188 as a hydrophilic carrier. The optimum SD with the highest saturation solubility in water (13.09±0.34 microgram/mL) consisting of MLX: poloxamer 188: crospovidone in the ratio of 1:2:0 was used for the preparation of MLX ODTs. MLX ODTs were prepared by the direct compression method and optimized by the 23 factorial design. The effect of the superdisintegrant concentration, the mannitol-avicel ratio, and the level of compression force on the disintegration time, hardness, and percent of dissolved MLX from MLX ODTs after 30 min was evaluated. DSC and XRD analysis approved an amorphous form of MLX in SDs. The optimized ODT formulation containing 10% of superdisintegrant, and mannitol and avicel in the ratio of 4:1 respectively was compressed using a high level of compression force. The optimized ODT showed hardness (34.37±2.1 N) and friability (1.26±0.04%). This formulation showed a rapid disintegration in 12.66±2.5 seconds, which 82.66±5.1% of the MLX released within 30 min. MLX ODTs, prepared from MLX SD, could be introduced as a suitable dosage form of MLX with improved solubility and the onset of action

Radioprotective effects of Silymarin, a natural medical herb, in modulation and prevention of radiation induced damages

Radiotherapy is the most common cancer treatment modality applying ionizing radiation. In majority of the cases, RT necessarily affects on normal tissues around the tumor. Silymarin is one of the most important chemical ingredients of the milk thistle. Silymarin composed of six flavonolignans that Silibinin, with 40-50%, is the most one. In view of the innumerable beneficial effects of silymarin in the management of ROS-mediated diseases, it was felt that silymarin could act as a promising radiation countermeasure agent. In this review paper we introduce Silymarin as herbal radioprotectors

Efficacy of multidetector-row computed tomography as a practical tool in comparison to invasive procedures for visualization of the biliary obstruction

Introduction: Recently, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has been introduced into clinical practice. MDCT has become the noninvasive diagnostic test of choice for detailed evaluation of biliary obstruction. Aim: the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MDCT compared to invasive procedures for detecting biliary obstruction causes. Material and Methods: Since February 2009 until May 2011 fifty biliary obstruction patients based on clinical, laboratory or ultrasonographic findings, were evaluated by Multidetector-row computed tomography. The causes of biliary obstruction, which was identified using MDCT were classified into three categories: calculus, benign stricture, and malignancy. Final diagnosis was conducted based on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, biopsy, or surgery. The MDCT diagnosis and were compared with the final diagnosis. Results: A correct diagnosis of causes of biliaryobstruction was made on the basis of MDCT findings for 44 of the total 50 patients. Two patients with chronic pancreatitis were incorrectly diagnosed with a pancreatic head adenocarcinoma on the basis of MDCT findings. One patient with biliary stone was incorrectly diagnosed with a periampullary adenocarcinoma on the basis of MDCT findings. The Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MDCT in the diagnosis of causes of biliary obstruction were 94.12% and87.87% and94.6% respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study MDCT has an excellent image quality, providing valuable information about the biliary tree and other abdominal organs. The use of advanced image processing, including maximum intensity projection and multiplanar reconstruction (especially coronal or sagittal reformatted images), allows superior visualization of the biliary tree and vascular structures. Three-dimensional reconstruction images complement axial images by providing a more anatomically meaningful display of the lesion and its relationship to adjacent structures, and accurate determining the craniocaudal extent of the lesion. High accuracy, wide availability and ease of use, make the MDCT the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of biliary obstruction. © 2016 Abdolmajid Taheri, Ayoob Rostamzadeh, Alireza Gharib and Daryoush Fatehi

Design and Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles for Anti-Asthma Drug Delivery

Background and Aim: Nanoparticle drug delivery has recently found a special place in medicine and treatment. Different nanoparticles have different capabilities and functions. Gold nanoparticles are one of the most widely used nanoparticles and have many uses in pharmaceuticals and medical purposes, including diagnostic, therapeutic, and imaging methods, and due to their unique characteristics, such as high contact surface area compared to volume. Gold nanoparticles have many advantages over other nanoparticles such as their neutral nature, stability, high diffusion property, non-toxicity, environmental compatibility, optical adjustment. Our goal is to synthesize and characterization gold nanoparticles with specific applications to produce the best delivery system of drugs to the asthmatic lung. Methods: Turkevich method has been used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and approving studies have been done. Results: The produced GNP has the average diameter 100-200 nm and the Z-average was 137.9 d.nm and in positive charge area. PDI for GNP was 0.358. Conclusion: In this study, we were able to produce the applicable gold nanoparticles for carrying drugs to asthmatic bronchi. Gold nanoparticles easily reach target cells due to their high dispersion power. Drug side effects are reduced when gold nanoparticles are used in conjunction with the drug for drug delivery purposes. *Corresponding Authors: Alireza Taheri, Email: [email protected]; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Email: [email protected] Please cite this article as: Mehrabi Nasab D, Taheri A, Athari SS. Design and Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles for Anti-Asthma Drug Delivery. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2020;6:1-7 (e4). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v6.3258

cGAN-Based High Dimensional IMU Sensor Data Generation for Therapeutic Activities

Human activity recognition is a core technology for applications such as rehabilitation, ambient health monitoring, and human-computer interactions. Wearable devices, particularly IMU sensors, can help us collect rich features of human movements that can be leveraged in activity recognition. Developing a robust classifier for activity recognition has always been of interest to researchers. One major problem is that there is usually a deficit of training data for some activities, making it difficult and sometimes impossible to develop a classifier. In this work, a novel GAN network called TheraGAN was developed to generate realistic IMU signals associated with a particular activity. The generated signal is of a 6-channel IMU. i.e., angular velocities and linear accelerations. Also, by introducing simple activities, which are meaningful subparts of a complex full-length activity, the generation process was facilitated for any activity with arbitrary length. To evaluate the generated signals, besides perceptual similarity metrics, they were applied along with real data to improve the accuracy of classifiers. The results show that the maximum increase in the f1-score belongs to the LSTM classifier by a 13.27% rise when generated data were added. This shows the validity of the generated data as well as TheraGAN as a tool to build more robust classifiers in case of imbalanced data problem

The Effect of Concept Map on Academic Achievement of Thinking and Media Literacy Course

This paper aimed to study the effect of education based on concept map on the academic achievement of secondary school male students in the field of thinking and media literacy. Quasi-experimental research method was used with experimental and control groups. Three classrooms were selected by purposive sampling method (one concept map presentation class, one concept map presentation and construction class and one control class) by random arrangement. In the group of presentation and construction (combined), the course materials were presented to the learners in the form of a concept map. The experimental groups were trained separately for 8 sessions by the teacher-made and combined concept map method and the control group was trained by the traditional method. All groups completed the teacher-made test of academic achievement at two levels of knowledge and perception (understanding). The measuring instrument validity using S. H. Lawshe formula was 0.79 and the reliability of this instrument was 0.807 using Kuder-Richardson. Findings of covariance analysis showed that the mean scores of post-tests of all three groups increased in compared to the pre-tests, but the most effect was observed in the presentation and construction of concept man (combined) group and the least effect was in the control group. Therefore, teaching by a concept map has led to an increase in students' scores